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контрольная: 1. Поставьте вместо пропусков данные в скобках глаголы в нужную форму Present Perfect / Past Perfect / Present Perfect Continuous / Past Perfect Continuous и переведите предложения устно. It is already 9:30 pm and I _______(wait) here for over an hour. If John does not get here in the next five minutes, I am going to leave. I was really angry at John yesterday. By the time he finally arrived, I _______ (wait) for over an hour. I almost left without him. Did you hear that Ben was fired last month? He __________ (work) for that import company f
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КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 4
Темы для изучения и повторения
Грамматика
- Повторение времен английского глагола:
Simple (Indefinite) Tenses, Continuous Tenses, Perfect Tenses, Perfect Continuous Tenses – Active and Passive Voice.
2. Повторение: Согласование времен – SequenceofTenses,
Косвенная речь - Reported Speech.
3. Условные предложения – Conditional Sentences.
Лексика “Face to face” (cultural challenges).
Тексты “… In many European countries…”, “Go along and get alone”, “ Do it my way”.
КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯ
- 1. Поставьте вместо пропусков данные в скобках глаголы в нужную форму Present Perfect / Past Perfect / Present Perfect Continuous / Past Perfect Continuous и переведите предложения устно.
It is already 9:30 pm and I _______(wait) here for over an hour. If John does not get here in the next five minutes, I am going to leave.
I was really angry at John yesterday. By the time he finally arrived, I _______ (wait) for over an hour. I almost left without him.
- Did you hear that Ben was fired last month? He __________ (work)
for that import company for more than ten years and he ______ (work) in almost every department. Nobody knew the company like he did. - I ________ (see) many pictures of the pyramids before I went to Egypt. Pictures of the monuments are very misleading. The pyramids are actually quite small.
- Sarah _______ (climb) the Matterhorn, _________ (sail) around the world, and _______ (go) on safari in Kenya. She is such an adventurous person.
- Sarah _______ (climb) the Matterhorn, ______ (sail) around the world and _______ (go) on safari in Kenya by the time she turned twenty-five. She ________ (experience) more by that age than most people do in their entire lives.
7. When Melanie came into the office yesterday, her eyes were red and watery. I think she _______ (cry).
2. Поставьте вместо пропусков данные в скобках глаголы в нужнуюформуPresent Continuous / Simple Past / Present Perfect Continuous / Past Perfect Continuous ипереведите текст устно.
My English is really getting better. I _____ (try) to learn the language since 1985, but only recently have I been able to make some real progress. By the time I started high school in 1988, I ______ (study) the language for almost three years; however, I was only able to introduce myself and utter a few memorized sentences. For a couple more years, I _______ (struggle) through grammar and vocabulary lessons, which made absolutely no difference. Nothing worked, so I decided to study abroad. I found an exchange program in England that sounded like the perfect answer. I _______ (stay) with a host family for one month. It was a huge disappointment! I _______ (sit) there the whole time staring at the host mother and father hoping that there would be some breakthrough. Nothing.
When I returned, I mentioned to a friend that I _______ (have) problems with the language for years. He recommended that I spend a year in an English speaking country. I decided to go abroad again. I ________ (research) exchange programs for a couple of weeks and finally decided on a school in the United States.
Well, it worked. I ______ (live) and _______ (study) in the U.S. for more than two years. I ______ (stay) here for at least another year before I return home. By then, I should be completely fluent.
3. Поставьте данные в скобках глаголы в нужную форму (1-7), дайте ответ по микроситуациям (8-11). Переведите предложения устно.
- When Carol _____ (call) last night, I _______ (watch) my favorite show on television.
- I _______ (work) for this company for more than thirty years, and I intend to stay here until I retire!
- Sharon ______ (love) to travel. She _______ (go) abroad almost every summer. Next year, she plans to go to Peru.
- Thomas is an author. He ________ (write) mystery novels and travel memoirs. He _______(write) since he was twenty-eight. Altogether, he _______ (write) seven novels, three collections of short stories and a book of poetry.
- We were late because we had some car problems. By the time we _______ (get) to the train station, Susan __________ (wait) for us for more than two hours.
- Sam ________ (try) to change a light bulb when he _________ (slip) and _________ (fell).
- Everyday I _______ (wake) up at 6 o'clock, ________ (eat) breakfast at 7 o'clock and ________(leave) for work at 8 o'clock. However, this morning I ________ (get) up at 6:30, _______ (skip) breakfast and ________(leave) for work late because I _________(forget) to set my alarm.
- Jane talks on the phone.
Bob has been talking on the phone for an hour.
Mary is talking on the phone.
Who is not necessarily on the phone now? ________
- Jane left when Tim arrived.
Bob left when Tim had arrived.
Tim arrived when Mary was leaving.
John had left when Tim arrived.
After Tim arrived, Frank left.
Who did not run into Tim?
- Jane is talking in class.
Bob always talks in class.
Mary is always talking in class.
Whose action bothers you? ________
- Jane never left Jamestown.
Bob has never left Jamestown.
Who is still alive? __________
4. Передайте высказывания управляющего директора в косвенной речи.
These are some of that the Managing Director said at a meeting you attended recently. A colleague who was unable to attend wants you to tell what the MD said.
- “I think a joint venture is the best way to break into the Middle East.”
…………………………………………………………………………….
- “We are not planning to set up a subsidiary.”
…………………………………………………………………………….
- “We’ve been talking to a group of the Gulf.”
…………………………………………………………………………….
- “I’ve talked to the commercial attaché at the embassy.”
…………………………………………………………………………….
- “I don’t want to diversify in the immediate future.”
…………………………………………………………………………….
6. “We shouldn’t attempt to move too fast because we might get out fingers burned.”
…………………………………………………………………………….
- “We will be sending Stuart Campbell on a fact-finding mission.”
…………………………………………………………………………….
5. Передайте в косвенной речи общие вопросы, используя слова данные в скобках.
1. “Do you want to call Derek?” (asked)
He asked me if I wanted to call Derek.
2. “Have you seen Bernard yet?” (asked)
………………………………………………………………………………..
3. “Are you open on Saturday?” (wanted to know)
…………………………………………………………………………………
4. “Did you get my message?” (wondered)
…………………………………………………………………………………
5. “How much time is there left?” (asked)
…………………………………………………………………………………
6. “Will you taking your husband with you?” (wanted to know)
…………………………………………………………………………………
- Перефразируйте предложенные фразы в косвенной речи.
Maria works at an information desk in an airport. These are the answers she gave – what do you
The questions were?
- The restaurant is upstairs.
Someone asked her where the restaurant was.
2. “You can get a shuffle outside the building.”
………………………………………………………………………………….
3. “At the foreign exchange counter.”
………………………………………………………………………………….
4. “The duty free is on the first floor.”
………………………………………………………………………………….
5. “Yes, you can leave your suitcase in the left-luggage lockers over there.”
…………………………………………………………………………….........
6. “I’m sorry, I really don’t know why the Alitalia flight has been delayed.”
………………………………………………………………………………….
7. Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках, в нужную форму. Переведите текст письменно на русский язык.
Michael: Sharon, I am having some problems at work, and I was wondering if you might be able to give me some advice.
Sharon: Sure, what's the problem?
Michael: The computer sales business is more difficult than I thought. When customers _______ (come) in to look at the new computer models, they often ________(ask) me which model they should buy. If they _________ (ask) me to suggest a model, I _______ (be) usually quite honest with them. Most computer users don't need a very advanced computer; they just need a basic model which they can use for word-processing, bookkeeping and Internet access. If I am honest and I ________(recommend) one of the cheaper models, my boss ______ (get) angry at me. He always says that a good salesperson can convince a customer to buy one of the more expensive advanced models. I don't really feel comfortable doing that. What would you do in my situation? Isn't it wrong to make them buy something which they don't need?
Sharon: I think you should help your customers make an intelligent decision. If I _____ (be) you, I ________ (educate) the customers. I ________ (teach) them how to make a good decision by themselves. I _________ (make, not) the decision for them. When a customer _______ (ask) a question, answer it honestly. You don't need to lie to the customer, and you don't need to make the decision for them.
Michael: When I _______ (sell) an inexpensive computer to a customer, my boss _________ (complain) that I am not trying hard enough. What would you tell him?
Sharon: If I _______ (be) in your situation, I ________ (tell) him that I wasn't comfortable forcing customers to buy products which they don't need. Tell him that you don't want to lie to honest people, and that you want to provide them with good service. Remind him that when customers ________ (get) good service, they _________ (return) to a store and spend more money.
Michael: I think that's a great idea. He _______ (might) change his mind if I said that to him. Maybe he ________ (realize) that good service is the most important thing to consumers. And, of course, I _______(feel) much more comfortable if I_______ (be) able to be honest with the customers. Thanks for your advice.
- Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках, в нужную форму. Переведите текст письменно на русский язык.
Did you hear about that guy who won 180 million dollars in the lottery? If I _____(win) that much money, I _______ (quit) my job the next day. I ______(travel) around the world and ______(stay) in the most luxurious hotels. If I ______(want) anything, I ______(buy) it. If I _____(see) a beautiful Mercedes that I wanted, I ______ (buy) it. If I wanted to stay in a beautiful hotel and the hotel ______ (be) full, I _____ (buy) the hotel and make them give me a room. I _______ (can) do anything in the world if I had 180 million dollars ... Oh, I am starting to sound a little materialistic... Well... I ______ (do) good things with the money as well. If anybody _______ (need) help, I ______ (give) them some money to help them out. I _______ (donate) money to charities. I _______ (give) money to help support the arts. If I ______ (win) that much money, I wouldn't keep it all for myself. I ______ (help) as many people as possible.
- Поставьте глаголы в скобках в правильном времени. Переведите упражнения устно.
- I should have voted for her if I (have) a vote then.
- The flight may be cancelled if the fog (get) thick.
- If you (read) the instructions carefully you wouldn’t have answered the wrong question.
- Unless they turn that radio off I (go) mad.
- If you were made redundant what you (do)?
- We’ll have a long way to walk if we (run) out of petrol here.
- You (not have) so many accidents if you drove more slowly.
- If you (wear) a false beard nobody would have recognized you.
- If the story hadn’t been true the newspaper (not print) it.
- If he were in he (answer) the phone.
10. Внимательно прочитайте и переведите устно текст, выберите правильный заголовок из предложенных вариантов:
When in Rome…. Problems that business people face
Travelling abroad Good manners, good business
Doing business in Europe I didn’t mean to be rude
Nobody actually wants to cause offence but, as business becomes ever more international, it is increasingly easy to get it wrong. There may be a single European market but it does not mean that managers behave the same in Greece as they do in Denmark.
In many European countries handshaking is an automatic gesture. In France good manners require that on arriving at a business meeting a manager shakes hands with everyone present. This can be a demanding task and, in a crowded room, may require gymnastic ability if the farthest hand is to be reached.
Handshaking is almost as popular in other countries – including Germany, Belgium and Italy. But Northern Europeans, such as the British and Scandinavians, are not quite so fond of physical demonstrations of friendliness.
In Europe the most common challenge is not the content of the food, but the way you behave as you eat. Some things are just not done. In France it is not good manners to raise tricky questions of business over the main course. Unless you are prepared to eat in silence you have to talk about something – something, that is, other than the business deal which you are continually chewing over in your head.
Italians give similar importance to the whole process of business entertaining. In fact, in Italy the biggest fear, as course after course appears, is that you entirely forget you are there on business. If you have the energy, you can always do the polite thing when the meal finally ends, and offer to pay. Then, after a lively discussion, you must remember the next polite thing to do – let your host pick up the bill.
In Germany, as you walk sadly back to your hotel room, you may wonder why your apparently friendly hosts have not invited you out for the evening. Don’t worry, it is probably nothing personal. Germans do not entertain business people with quite the same enthusiasm as some of their European counterparts.
The Germans are also notable for the amount of formality they bring to business. As an outsider, it is often difficult to know whether colleagues have been working together for 30 years or have just met in the lift. If you are used to calling people by their first names this can be a little strange. To the Germans, titles are important. Forgetting that someone should be called Herr Doctor or Frau Direktorin might cause serious offence. It is equally offensive to call them by a title they do not possess.
In Italy the question of title is further confused by the fact that everyone with a university degree can be called Dottore – and engineers, lawyers and architects may also expect to be called by their professional titles.
These cultural challenges exist side by side with the problems of doing business in a foreign language. Language, of course, is full of difficulties – disaster may be only a syllable away. But the more you know of the culture of the country you are dealing with, the less likely you are to get into difficulties. It is worth the effort. It might be rather hard to explain that the reason you lost the contract was not the product or the price, but the fact you offended your hosts in a light - hearted comment over an aperitif. Good manners are admired: they can also make or break the deal.
10 -А. Заполните пропуски предложенными словами и переведите полученные словосочетания.
demanding tricky professional
crowded business cultural
gymnastic first light-hearted
physical university body
1……..entertaining 5. ……question. 9…….language
2……..ability 6. …….comment. 10……room
3. ……task 7. ……..degree 11...demonstration
4. ……challenge 8. ……...title 12……name
10-B. Найдите в тексте слова и фразы, соответствующие следующим объяснениям, переведите на русский язык.
- the action of upsetting or insulting; behavior that upsets and insults.(parag.1)
- 2. a movement of a part of a body, esp. the hand or the head.(parag.2)
- taking sb’s hand as an act of greeting.(parag.2)
- thinking about sth. slowly and carefully.(parag.4)
- a written statement of money owed for goods or services supplied.(parag.5)
- 6. a person or thing that corresponds to or has the same function as sb/sth else.(parag.6)
- 7. a person who is not, or is not accepted as, a member of a society, group.(parag.6)
- 8. a word or a short form, eg. Mr.,Mrs or Doctor, used beforea person’s name, and by which he or she prefers or has a right to be addressed.(parag.7)
- any of the units into which a word may be divided, usually consisting of a vowel sound with a consonant before and/or after it.(parag.9)
- 10. an official legal agreement, usually written.(parag.9)
- 11. an agreement, esp. in business, on certain terms for buying or doing sth.(parag.9)
- Отметьте следующие предложения как верные или неверные, основываясь на информации текста задания 10. Исправьте неверные предложения и запишите их.
- In France you are expected to shake hands with everyone you meet.
- People in Britain shake hands just as much as people in Germany.
- In France people prefer talking about business during meals.
- It is not polite to insist on paying for a meal if you are in Italy.
- Visitors to Germany never get taken out for meals.
- German business people don’t like to be called by their surnames.
- Make sure you know what the titles of the German people you meet are.
- Italian professionals are usually addressed by their titles.
- A humorous remark always goes down well all over the world.
- Переведитеписьменнотекст.
Go along and get along
The Japan Society’s crash course on how to bridge the chasm between Japanese and American managers forces participants to examine their own cultural assumptions, as well to learn about the other side. Behavior which Americans consider trustworthy is often precisely that which Japanese associate with shifty character – and vice versa.
To Americans, people who pause before replying to a question are probably dissembling. They expect a trustworthy person to respond directly. The Japanese distrust such fluency. They are impressed by somebody who gives careful thought to a question before making a reply. Most Japanese are comfortable with periods of silence. Americans find silence awkward and like to plug any conversational gaps.
The cherished American characteristics of frankness and openness are also misunderstood. The Japanese think it is sensible, as well as polite, for a person to be discreet until he is sure that a business acquaintance will keep sensitive information confidential. An American who boasts “I’m own man” can expect to find his Japanese hosts anxiously counting the chopsticks after a business lunch. As Japanese see it, individualists are anti-social. Team players are sound.
(from TheEconomist)
13. Прочитайте внимательно статью и сделайте нижеприведенные задания к тексту.
Management in America Do It My Way
New York
Cultural differences Between Japanese and American managers have presented the biggest obstacles to Japanese companies investing in America.
A seminar for Japanese executives working in America was attended by 25 men, nearly all of them in identical dark suits.1 __________________. Their coffee break lasted exactly the scheduled ten minutes. They did not ask any question until after they had got to know one another a bit better at lunch. They were usually deferential and always polite.
A similar seminar for 25 Americans working for Japanese subsidiaries in America included eight women. Several of the man removed their jackets on entering the room.2 _________________ . Participants asked questions and several aggressively contradicted what the speakers had to say.
According to Mr. Thomson Lifson of Harvard and Mr. Yoshihiro Tsurumi of New York’s Baruch College – the two main speakers at both seminars – misunderstandings between Japanese and American managers are possible at nearly every encounter. They can begin at the first recruiting interview. A big American company typically hires people to fill particular slots. Its bosses know that Americans are mobile people, who have a limited commitment to any particular employer or part of the country. 3 __________________. American firms hire and fire almost at will.
The assumptions (and the expectations) of the Japanese managers of Japanese subsidiaries in America could hardly be more different 4 __________________.
American managers rely heavily on number-packed memoranda and the like. 5 ________________. According to Mr. Tsurumi, they find comical the sight of American managers in adjacent offices exchanging memos.
Confronted with a dispute between middle managers, most Japanese superiors refuse to become involved, excepting the managers themselves to resolve the issue. The Americans conclude, wrongly, that their Japanese bosses are indecisive or incompetent. Japanese managers do not share the American belief that conflict is inevitable, and sometimes healthy. 6 ________________ .
(from TheEconomist)
13-А. Выпишите подчеркнутые слова и словосочетания, переведите их на русский язык.
13-В. Заполните пропуски нижеприведенными предложениями (A – G). Одно предложение не относится к этому тексту.
A. As a result, jobs are clearly defined and so are the skills needed to fill them.
B. A ten-minute coffee break stretched beyond 20 minutes.
C. Status is critical, so a prestigious brand is appreciated best.
D. They want to believe that employees form one big happy family.
E. Despite the room’s stifling heating system, they resolutely refused to remove their jackets.
F. The Japanese colleagues which lead eventually to a consensus.
G. They hire people more for the skills they will acquire after joining the company than for existing skills.
13-C. Выразите согласие или несогласие на следующие утверждения:
1. This article is about American companies in Japan.
2. At one seminar the Japanese removed their jackets when they got hot.
3. The Japanese did not ask question until after lunch.
4. At another seminar, some of the Americans were not polite to the speakers.
5. Americans and Japanese are likely to misunderstand each other in any situation.
6. Americans employees are very loyal to their companies.
7. Japanese companies are likely to recruit less experienced employees.
8. Japanese rely less on meetings than the Americans.
9. The Japanese managers send more memos than their American counterparts.
10. Japanese managers solve problems without involving their bosses.
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