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контрольная работа: The United Kingdom The United Kingdom, officially the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, is an island nation and constitutional monarchy in north-western Europe, member of the European Union. 1. Расположить слова в алфавитном порядке. Energy, cold, ocean, shake, sock, now, policy, moon, blouse, ball, wall, radio, cat, iron, get, drink. 2. Образовать множественное число. A sheep, a fly, a mouse, milk, a wife, a girl, a bus, a wolf, time, a book, a sister.
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The United Kingdom
The United Kingdom, officially the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, is an island nation and constitutional monarchy in north-western Europe, member of the European Union.
Great Britain is the largest of the British Isles. It comprises, together with numerous smaller islands, England and Scotland, and the principality of Wales. Northern Ireland, also known as Ulster, occupies the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland.
The United Kingdom is bordered to the south by the English Channel, which separates it from continental Europe, to the east by the North Sea, and to the west by the Irish Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. The only land border is between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. The total area of the United Kingdom is 242 sq km. The capital and the largest city is London.
The names «United Kingdom», «Great Britain», and «England» are often used interchangeably. The use of «Great Britain», often shortened to «Britain», to describe the whole kingdom is common and widely accepted, although strictly it does not include Northern Ireland.
However, the use of «England» to mean the «United Kingdom» is not acceptable to members of the other constituent countries, especially the Scots and the Welsh.
England and Wales were united administratively, politically, and legally by 1543. The crowns of England and Scotland were united in 1603, but the two countries remained separate political entities until the 1707 Act of Union, which formed the Kingdom of Great Britain with a single legislature. From 1801, when Great Britain and Ireland were united, until the formal establishment of the Irish Free State in 1922, the kingdom was officially named the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
Hong Kong, which has 200,000 population, was returned to China in 1997.
The mainland of the island of Great Britain is 974 km at its longest and 531 km at its widest; however, the highly indented nature of the island's coastline means that nowhere is more than about 120 km from the sea.
The climate of the United Kingdom is mild relative to its latitude, which is the same as that of Labrador in Canada. The mildness is an effect of the warm Gulf Stream. This current brings the prevailing south-west winds that moderate winter temperatures and bring the depressions which have the main day-to-day influence on the weather. The western side of the United Kingdom tends to be warmer than the eastern; the south is warmer than the north. The mean annual temperature is 6 °C in the far north of Scotland; 11 °C in the south-west of England. Winter temperatures seldom are below -10 °C and summer temperatures rarely higher than 32 °C. The sea winds also bring plenty of moisture; average annual precipitation is more than 1,000 mm.
Rain tends to fall throughout the year, frequently turning to snow in the winter, especially in Scotland, the mountains of Wales, and northern England. The western side of Britain is much wetter than the eastern: average rainfall varies is from 5,000 mm in the western Highlands of Scotland, to less than 500 mm in parts of East Anglia in England.
The population of United Kingdom is more than 56 mln people, but it is one of the world's leading commercial and industrialized nations. In terms of gross national product (GNP) it ranks fifth in the world, with Italy, after the United States, Japan, Germany, and France.
Контрольная работа № 1
Вариант 3.
1. Расположить слова в алфавитном порядке.
Energy, cold, ocean, shake, sock, now, policy, moon, blouse, ball, wall, radio, cat, iron, get, drink.
2. Образовать множественное число.
A sheep, a fly, a mouse, milk, a wife, a girl, a bus, a wolf, time, a book, a sister.
3. Образовать степени сравнения следующих прилагательных и наречий.
Little, nice, happy, big, well, amusing, famous.
4. Вставить артикли a, an, the , где необходимо и перевести.
1. …Alps are … mountains in Central Europe. 2. There is … ancient manuscript at … exhibition. 3. … Pacific Ocean is between …America and … Asia. . 4.Don’t sit on … chair, it’s dirty. 5. I like to play … classical music.
5. Написать числительные а) цифрами, б) словами.
a) thirteen thousand seven hundred twenty four, nineteen, ninety, the sixteenth, five million eleven.
b) 324, 82, 12, 48-й, 3-й.
6. Изменить предложения из единственного числа во множественное и перевести полученные предложения.
1. This is a big family. 2. That is a student. 3. This man is good. 4. That window is clean.
7. Вставить нужную форму глагола tobe, перевести предложения.
1.He … having coffee now. 2. They … at school now. 3. She … a very interesting woman. 4. There … some fish in the river. 5. Jane and Paul … going to be doctors.
8. Вставить have или has, перевести предложения.
1… you a large family? 2. I … not a TV-set in my flat. 3.He … many friends at the Institute. 4. They … a new black car.5….she any flowers in the kitchen?
9. Задать вопрос к выделенному слову.
1. This is a dog. 2. Our mother is an engineer.3. It is five o’clock. 4. They are at school.
10.Сделать предложения вопросительными и отрицательными.
1. We are having an English class now.
2. There are some water in the glass.
3. I have some apples.
4. They have a flat.
5. 1. He will pass his test tomorrow.
6. 2. They left for the station two hours ago.
7. 3. Usually they meet their friends in evenings.
8. 4. We translated many Russian sentences during our lesson.
11. Вставить some, any, no и перевести предложения.
1. Are there … students in the garden?2. Give him … books.3. Have you … old pictures?4. Thereis … newsaboutthem.
12. Согласовать слова в притяжательном падеже и перевести.
1. Jack/ car 2. picture/ child 3. walls/ our house 4. boys/ computer
13. Составить предложения и перевести.
1. Am, I, a , student, not, bad.
2. Is, father’s, your, name, what?
3. Are, children, my, room, in, the.
4. Wants, English, to, speak, she, well.
5. Me, not, you, tell, did, the, of, meeting.
6. Visit, you, art, gallery, an, last, did, when?
7. They, produced, a lot, will, of, cars, have, by, the next year.
8. Crosses, airplane, Atlantic, the, ocean.
14. Определить время глагола в предложении, перевести.
1. The boy was unhappy, because he had lost the keys.
2. The sun is shining through the clouds.
3. Where is San-Francisco situated?
4. Ann will stay at hospital. She has broken her leg.
5. He studies at the University.
6. Children always ask a lot of questions.
7. I shall stay here for a month or two.
8. We were working in the lab from 5 till 7 o clock.
9. The light has just changed from green to red.
10. The girl did not study well last year, she received bad marks.
15. Перевести предложения на английский язык.
1. Наша квартира на седьмом этаже.
2. В этой книге нет интересных картинок.
3. В комнате Френка три стула, письменный стол, несколько полок.
4. Я собираюсь переводить текст.
5. Он сейчас не плавает.
6. Что ты сейчас читаешь?
7. Брат моего друга студент.
16. Составить рассказ о себе и своей семье.( не менее 12 предложений).
17. Перевести текст “ TheUnitedKingdom” письменно.
17. 1. Перевести на английский язык.
1. Объединенное Королевство - это островное государство и конституционная монархия на северо-западе Европы.
2. Пролив Ла-Манш отделяет Великобританию от континентальной Европы.
3. Лондон – это столица и самый крупный город Объединенного Королевства.
4. Общая площадь Великобритании 242 кв. км.
5. Климат Великобритании мягкий, что обусловлено теплым течением Гольфстрим.
6. По валовому национальному продукту она занимает пятое место в мире.
7. Великобритания имеет высокоразвитую промышленность.
18. Перевести текст письменно.
“Mechanical properties of metals”
Mankind has used metals for centuries in gradually increasing quantities
but only now they are employed in really great quantities.
Today we know more than seventy metals, the majority of which are used
in industry.
Of all the metals iron is the most important one. Absolutely pure iron is never prepared except for laboratory purposes. The irons and steels in use today are really alloys of iron, carbon and other substances. They can be made
elastic, tough or comparatively soft.
Mechanical properties of metals are the result of their atomic structure.
They include hardness, ductility and malleability which are of special importance in engineering.
Ductility is the capacity of a metal to be deformed in tension without breaking.
Malleability is the capacity of a metal to be deformed by compression without rupture.
These properties are similar to each other but not the same. Most metals increase these properties at higher temperatures.
The strength of a metal is the property of resistance to external loads and stresses.
These mechanical properties are of great importance in industrial purposes because all parts and units made of iron and steel must meet up-to-date demands.
18.1 Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты английских слов и словосочетаний:
1. quantity а. жесткий
2. alloy б. углерод
3. carbon в. растяжение
4. substance г. поломка
5. tough д. количество
6. hard е. ковкость 7. ductility ж. разрыв 8. malleability з.прочность
9. tension и. вязкость
10. compression к. сплав
11. rupture л. твердый
12. strength м. сжатие
13. breaking н. вещество
