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перевод текста: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights has been acclaimed as perhaps the most important international document of the twentieth century. It established human rights as the idea of our times. It is commonly recognized as the birth certificate of the International Human Rights Movement, marking and confirming the new international concern with human rights. It is the authoritative definition and catalog of human rights. It has been the basis for the contemporary international law of human rights— the source of two international human rights covenants and other conventions,
2015
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The Universal Declaration and the U.S. Constitution
Can the spirit and principles of an I8th century document help transform national rights into international human rights?
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights has been acclaimed as perhaps the most important international document of the twentieth century. It established human rights as the idea of our times. It is commonly recognized as the birth certificate of the International Human Rights Movement, marking and confirming the new international concern with human rights. It is the authoritative definition and catalog of human rights. It has been the basis for the contemporary international law of human rights— the source of two international human rights covenants and other conventions, and of a customary law of human rights. In what is perhaps its most significant contribution, it has inspired and promoted “constitutionalism” and respect for human rights in national societies around the world.
The Universal Declaration did not invent the idea of human rights, nor did it fill that idea with rights of its own creation. The Declaration adopted an idea hundreds of years old and filled it with particular rights derived from principles of “natural rights,” from historic assertions of rights by brave persons and bold peoples, and from bills of rights composed in America and France in the eighteenth century.
One notable source for the “catalog” of rights in the Universal Declaration was the Constitution of the United States and its 200 years of interpretive jurisprudence.
In turn, during the half century since the Declaration was proclaimed, it has been a rich source for new “rights instruments” and has enriched rights in older polities. Rights in the United States have not been overt, avowed beneficiaries of the Declaration, but they have not escaped its subtler influences.
International Human Rights as National Rights
Since 1948 the world has seen the birth of more than 100 new states with new constitutions, as well as the adoption of new or significantly amended constitutions by older states. Every new