Готовые работы → Английский язык
контрольная работа: I. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на функции местоимения “it”. 1. Each member of the United Nations undertakes to comply with the decisions of the International Court of Justice in any case to which it is a party. 2. It is the duty of a state to protect its citizens at home and abroad. II. Поставьте следующие предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную форму и переведите их на русский язык. 1. There is something wrong with the evidence given by the witness yesterday. III. Определите функцию глаголов “to be” и “to have” и переведите предложе
2015
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Вариант 3
I. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на функции местоимения “it”.
1. Each member of the United Nations undertakes to comply with the decisions of the International Court of Justice in any case to which it is a party.
2. It is the duty of a state to protect its citizens at home and abroad.
3. It is difficult to describe in a few general words the functions and powers of the police authorities.
4. It should be noted that Russia has signed both the European Convention on Human Rights and the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
5. We find it difficult to determine whether the investigation is a success or a failure.
II. Поставьте следующие предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную форму и переведите их на русский язык.
1. There is something wrong with the evidence given by the witness yesterday.
2. The judge has some doubts concerning the case.
3. Somebody tried to prove that he was guilty.
III. Определите функцию глаголов “tobe” и “tohave” и переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. He ... already grounded his complaint and is going to get compensation.
2. Each country in the world ... its own system of law.
3. A person often ... begin actions in different courts in order to get a satisfactory solution.
4. He ... ground his complaint and to get compensation.
5. His claim ... to recover damages.
6. While he... waiting for the witness to come he is examining the evidence..
IV. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий.
1. This book is about the most notorious criminals the world has ever known.
2. The graver crimes a person commits, the more serious punishment he deserves.
3. The House of Lords is not as powerful as that of Commons.
4. The best way to combat crime is to improve the living standards of the people.
5. It is easier to make laws than to enforce them.
V. Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках, в соответствующем времени и переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. After the Norman conquest in 1066, the King’s judges gradually ... the different local customs into a single body of general principles which they applied at the royal courts.
2. One of the problems which they ... now concerns the arrest of the criminal.
3. The police have just ... the hijackers.
4. A bill ... a law in two weeks.
5. Newspapers often ... information on economic crimes.
6. After the president ... programs and laws to Congress he requested money for federal government operations.
VI. Перепишите и переведите письменно на русский язык абзацы 3, 4, 5.
CROWN COURTS
1. There are special courts of criminal jurisdiction, called Crown Courts that are responsible for trials of the more serious cases. When a criminal case is not dealt with finally in a magistrates’ court, it goes for trial in a Crown court. There are Crown Courts in about a hundred towns. They are presided over by a judge. The most serious offences are dealt with by High Court judges from London. Other offences of not quite such a serious nature are dealt with by circuit (travelling) judges. In London, however, prisoners accused of serious offences are tried at the Old Bailey, the Central Criminal Court.
2. All contested trials in the court take place before a jury of twelve. The duty of the judge is first of all to see that the trial is conducted properly, secondly, to give advice to the jury before asking for its verdict, and finally, if the jury finds the accused “guilty” to decide on the penalty. The Crown Court may impose a fine of any amount on a convicted offender and within the maximum penalty determined by Parliament. The judge is helped in deciding on the penalty by two Justices of the Peace (JPs for short) who have been sitting beside him throughout the proceedings.
3. In a Crown court the accused person when brought into the “dock” is asked by the Clerk if he is guilty or not guilty. If he replies not guilty, then he must be tried to establish this fact. If he pleads guilty the court is at liberty to sentence him without trial, but in practice he is usually advised by the judge to substitute a plea of not guilty so that the circumstances may be properly investigated. When the jury has been sworn in, it takes its place in the “jury-box” and the trial begins.
4. The case is explained to the jury by the leading counsel for the prosecution. The prosecution builds up its case by presenting witnesses, who go into the witness-box where they are questioned by the prosecution barrister (or “counsel”), so that a story of the supposed crime can be built up. Each witness may be cross-examined by the other side on the evidence which he has given. When the examination of the Crown witnesses is concluded, the defence may call witnesses, including the accused himself, in an attempt to show that he is innocent; these witnesses may be cross-examined by the other side.
5. When this is completed, the judge sums up the evidence for the benefit of the jury and instruct them on points of law involved; presenting them with the problem they have to decide. The twelve members of the jury retire to a room where they are locked in and left alone until they agree on a verdict. Until 1966 in England and Wales all members of the jury had to be in agreement. Now, at least ten of the twelve jury members must agree before a verdict can be given. Normally the jury do agree, though sometimes only after many hours. If the jury finds the accused guilty, then the judge “pronounces sentence”. On the other hand, if the accused is proved to be innocent, then he is acquitted. A police witness gives evidence about the previous convictions (if any) of the prisoner, and also about his character.
6. If a person is found guilty of a small offence and has no previous conviction, he may receive no punishment at all. On the other hand, he may be placed on probation for a certain period, that is, he will be left at liberty, but under the supervision of a probation officer, who is a trained social worker. Punishments may be in the form of fines or imprisonment.
7. Punishment by death was abolished for a trial period of five years in 1965. In December 1969 the Labour Home Secretary introduced a bill abolishing the death penalty permanently. There was a “free vote” in Parliament, in which each member was free to vote according to his conscience and not according to party orders. Thebillwaspassedby 343 votesto 185.
(перевод текста)
VII. Дайте ответ на вопрос:
When may a person be punished by a fine or probation?
VIII. Напишите краткий реферат по данному тексту, используя клише данные в приложении 2.
(для устного перевода)
