Готовые работы → Английский язык
контрольная работа. Английский язык. 1. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the following words. Workpiece, distinction, operations, table, axis, arbor, cutters, spindle Milling Machine A milling machine is a machine tool used to machine solid materials. Milling machines are often classed in two basic forms, horizontal and vertical, which refer to the orientation of the main spindle. Both types range in size from small, bench-mounted devices to room-sized machines. Unlike a drill press, that holds the (1) _______________stationary as the drill moves axially to penetrate the material, mill
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1. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the following words.
Workpiece, distinction, operations, table, axis, arbor, cutters, spindle
Milling Machine
A milling machine is a machine tool used to machine solid materials. Milling machines are often classed in two basic forms, horizontal and vertical, which refer to the orientation of the main spindle. Both types range in size from small, bench-mounted devices to room-sized machines. Unlike a drill press, that holds the (1) _______________stationary as the drill moves axially to penetrate the material, milling machines also move the workpiece radially against the rotating milling cutter, which cuts on its sides as well as its tip. Workpiece and cutter movement are precisely controlled to less than 0.025 mm, usually by means of precision ground slides and lead screws or analogous technology. Milling machines may be manually operated, mechanically automated, or digitally automated via computer numerical control (CNC).
Milling machines can perform a vast number of (2)_______________, from simple (e.g., slot and keyway cutting, planing, drilling) to complex (e.g., contouring, diesinking). Cutting fluid is often pumped to the cutting site to cool and lubricate the cut and to wash away the resulting swarf.
There are many ways to classify milling machines, depending on criteria. The most important way is horizontal versus vertical.
In the vertical mill the spindle (3)_____________ is vertically oriented. Milling cutters are held in the spindle and rotate on its axis. The spindle can generally be extended (or the table can be raised/lowered, giving the same effect), allowing plunge cuts and drilling. There are two subcategories of vertical mills: the bed mill and the turret mill. Turret mills are generally smaller than bed mills, and are considered by some to be more versatile. In a turret mill the (4)_____________ remains stationary during cutting operations and the (5)________________ is moved both perpendicular to and parallel to the spindle axis to accomplish cutting. In the bed mill, however, the table moves only perpendicular to the spindle's axis, while the spindle itself moves parallel to its own axis. Also of note is a lighter machine, called a mill-drill. It is quite popular with hobbyists, due to its small size and lower price. These are frequently of lower quality than other types of machines, however.
A horizontal mill has the same sort of x–y table, but the (6)_______________ are mounted on a horizontal arbor across the table. A majority of horizontal mills also feature a +15/-15 degree rotary table that allows milling at shallow angles. While end mills and the other types of tools available to a vertical mill may be used in a horizontal mill, their real advantage lies in arbor-mounted cutters, called side and face mills, which have a cross section rather like a circular saw, but are generally wider and smaller in diameter. Because the cutters have good support from the (7)________________, quite heavy cuts can be taken, enabling rapid material removal rates. These are used to mill grooves and slots. Plain mills are used to shape flat surfaces. Several cutters may be ganged together on the arbor to mill a complex shape of slots and planes. Special cutters can also cut grooves, bevels, radii, or indeed any section desired. These specialty cutters tend to be expensive. Simplex mills have one spindle, and duplex mills have two. It is also easier to cut gears on a horizontal mill.
The vertical-vs-horizontal (8)________________ seems trivial from some viewpoints; after all, changing the mounting of a machine part, accessory, or workpiece by 90° is often a straightforward matter. Yet the distinction has recurrently held more importance than one might expect, for similar reasons that the horizontal-lathe-vs-vertical-lathe distinction has mattered. The shape and size of workpieces and the number of sides that they require machining on can make one type of machine more practical than another.
2. Translate the text from the third paragraph till the end in a written form.
3. Match the words to make phrases and translate them.
milling mill
spindle lathe
drill cutter
circular axis
bed machine
rotating press
vertical saw
4. Find in the text English equivalents to the following Russian words.
1. деталь
2. форма
3. размер
4. устройство
5. ось
6. сверление
7. технология
5. Fill in the gaps using the information from the text
1. Milling machines are often classed in two basic ____________, horizontal and vertical, which refer to the orientation of the main ____________.
2. The shape and size of _____________ and the number of sides that require machining on can make one type of machine more practical than another.
3. Turret mills are generally smaller than ______________, and are considered to be more versatile.
4. In the bed mill, however, the____________ moves only perpendicular to the spindle's axis, while the ______________ itself moves parallel to its own axis.
5. A milling machine is a machine tool used to machine ____________________.
6. A majority of horizontal mills also feature a +15/-15 degree rotary table that allows milling at shallow ______________.
6. Match English and Russian equivalents.
spindle мелкаяметаллическаястружка, шлифовальнаямуть
cutter гнездо; паз
slot придаватьформу
plane группировать, агрегировать
swarf ось, вал
to shape режущийинструмент; фреза
cutting плоскость, панель, продольныйосевойразрез
to gang гранение; фрезерование
7. Give Russian equivalents to the following word combinations.
1. Arbor-mounted cutters
2. Side and face mills
3. End mills
4. Rotary table
5. Horizontal arbor
6. Bed mill
7. Turret mill
8. Spindle axis
9. Cutting fluid
10. Cutting site
8. Put the verbs given into correct form and complete the sentences. Translate them.
To rotate, to shape, to cut, to gang, to drill, to operate, to mill
1. In a mill-drill the table ______________ only perpendicular to the spindle's axis, while the spindle itself moves parallel to its own axis.
2. Two thousand men ______________ out to strengthen the works.
3. Flat surfaces _______________ with the help of horizontal mills.
4. The wall under the huge picture in our new flat ______________ in many places, so we had to put it back.
5. Modern milling machines _____________ with the computer numerical control.
6. The trainee _____________ the workpiece very good, so the master employed him at once.
7. Mill grooves and slots _______ usually ____________ with side and face mills, which have a cross section saw.
9. Define the specific variants of mills using the descriptions.
1. Bed mill
2. Box mill or column mill
3. Ram-type mill
4. C-Frame mill
5. Floor mill
6. Planer-style mill
7. Horizontal boring mill
8. Knee mill or knee-and-column mill
a. Refers to any milling machine whose x-y table rides up and down the column on a vertically adjustable knee.
b. This can refer to any mill that has a cutting head mounted on a sliding ram. The spindle can be oriented either vertically or horizontally. In practice most mills with rams also involve swiveling ability, whether or not it is called "turret" mounting.
c. These are larger, industrial production mills. They feature a knee and fixed spindle head that is only mobile vertically. They have a separate hydraulic motor for integral hydraulic power feeds in all directions, and a twenty to fifty horsepower motor. The tables on C-frame mills are usually 18" by 68" or larger, to allow multiple parts to be machined at the same time.
d. Large, accurate bed horizontal mills that incorporate many features from various machine tools. They are predominantly used to create large manufacturing jigs, or to modify large, high precision parts. They have a spindle stroke of several (usually between four and six) feet, and many are equipped with a tailstock to perform very long boring operations without losing accuracy as the bore increases in depth.
e. Large mills built in the same configuration as planers except with a milling spindle instead of a planing head. This term is growing dated as planers themselves are largely a thing of the past.
f. These have a row of rotary tables, and a horizontal pendant spindle mounted on a set of tracks that runs parallel to the table row. These mills have predominantly been converted to CNC. The spindle carriage moves to each individual table, performs the machining operations, and moves to the next table while the previous table is being set up for the next operation. Unlike other mills, it has movable floor units. A crane drops massive rotary tables, X-Y tables, etc., into position for machining, allowing large and complex custom milling operations.
g. This refers to any milling machine where the spindle is on a pendant that moves up and down to move the cutter into the work. These are generally more rigid than a knee mill.
h. Very basic hobbyist bench-mounted milling machines that feature a head riding up and down on a column or box way.
10. Translate into Russian
1. The metals can be formed using different machine-tools such as lathe, milling-machine, grinder etc.
2. You may orient the rotating cutter vertically or horizontally.
3. The worktable can move in multiple directions.
4. Milling-machines may be operated manually or under computer numerical control.
5. 5-axis milling machines are practically always programmed with CAM (computer-added manufacturing).
6. Most suitably equipped metalworking lathes are used to produce most solids of rotation, plane surfaces and screw thread or helices.
7. They usually use this group of milling machines to produce these workpieces.
8. The engineers designed special device to wash away the swarf.
11. Make a short summary about milling machines, base on the following plan:
1. Two basic forms of milling machines.
2. Principles the milling machines operate on.
3. Kinds of operations milling machines are used for.
12. TranslateintoEnglish.
1. Вертикально-фрезерный станок по конструкции близок к горизонтально -фрезерным станкам, но отличается от них вертикальным расположением оси шпинделя.
2. Горизонтально-фрезерный станок аналогичен универсально-фрезерному, но его стол не имеет возможности поворачиваться.
3. Горизонтально-фрезерный станок имеет горизонтально расположенный шпиндель и предназначен для обработки фрезерованием разнообразных поверхностей на небольших и не тяжелых деталях.
4. Стол фрезерного станка может перемещаться в горизонтальной плоскости под разными углами к оси шпинделя.
5. В промышленности находят всё более широкое применение различные типы фрезерных станков с программным
управлением.
